HEPL

Course of Anatomy

To conceive the balances and the treatment of a patient suffering from a sagittal and/or frontal curvature.

Specific muscular recalls to the vertebral reeducation

General principles necessary to the understanding of the curvature reeducation.

Straightening up and remedial gymnastics in case of sagittal and in case of frontal

Sohier R, Heureux p, La kinésithérapie analytique des rachis scoliotiques, Kine-sciences, La Louvière, s.d.

CHARRIERE L.,et Roy J., Kinésitherapie des déviations antéro-postérieures du rachis et de l’épiphysite vertébrale, Les déviations vertébrales, Masson, Paris.

LACOTE M., Evaluation clinique de la fonction musculaire, Maloine, Paris.

KENDALL F., Muscles. Evaluation et étude fonctionnelle, Maloine, Paris.

DUFOUR M. et al, Kinésithérapie 4, tronc et tête: bilans, techniques passives et actives, Flammarion Médecine-Sciences.

SOUCHARD Ph., OLLIER M., Les scolioses, Masson.

First year course in anatomy.

Deepen anatomical knowledge of the human body.

Deepen surface in vivo and topographical knowledge of the trunk.

First part:

Osteology of the skull and the face;myology of the face; temporo-mandibular jointand the muscles of mastication;venous sinuses;the eye and the structures of the orbit;the ear.

Second part:

Central nervous system:

• topographical neuroanatomy: spinal cord;brain stem;cerebellum;brain;meninges
• systematic neuroanatomy: organization segmental;organization intersegmental;paths of the sensibility and motricity.

Peripheric nervous system: rachidian and cranial nerves

ROUVIERE H, DELMAS A., , Anatomie Humaine, 15ième édition, Tome 1: Tête et cou; Tome 4: Système nerveux central et centre nerveux, Editions Masson

NETTER F.H., Atlas d'anatomie humaine, 2^ème édition, Ed. Maloine

GRAY'S Anatomie pour les étudiants, Richard L DRAKE- Wayne VOGL- Adam WM MITCHELL, Editions Elsevier

ANATOMIE, Schéma de travaux pratiques, Ostéologie et arthrologie, Fascicule 2: le squelette axial, Editions Vigot

SOBOTTA, Atlas d'anatomie humaine, Urban et Schwartzenberg, 3^ème édition, 1993

ANATOMIE ET PHYSIOLOGIE HUMAINES, Elaine N. Marieb, Editions De Boeck

NEUROANATOMIE HUMAINE, Michel REZNIK, Professeur à l'Université de Liège

Theory: Written examinations

1^st year courses of Anatomy and Physiology

Acquire the basic knowledge to physiology  to understand the man in action.

Physiological factors supporting man in motion and under effort.

Introduction conceptuation with an explonation on neurophysiology to the action:

Neurophysiology :

· Modelling of a dynamic physiologic of perception and action.

Cardio-vascular and pulmonary aspect of the organism at work

• Description and functioning of the cardio-vascular system
• Description and functioning of the respiratory system.

Thermodynamic aspects of man in motion:

 Notion of energety expenditure in the locomotion

Astrand P.O., et Rodahl K., Physiologie de l’exercice musculaire, 2^ème édition, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1995.

BillaT V., Physiologie et méthodologie de l’entraînement. De la théorie à la pratique, Ed. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 1999

CAZORLA G., ROBERT G., L'évaluation en activité physique et en sport, Actes du Colloque International de la Guadeloupe, Novembre, 1990.

CERRETELLI P., Traité de physiologie de l'exercice et du sport, Ed. Masson, Paris, 2002.

G. Pocok et C.D. Richards, Physiologie humaine Fondements de la médecine, Ed. Masson, Paris 2004

Fox et Mathews,Bases physiologiques de l'activité physique,Ed. Vigot, 1981

Wilmore et Costill, Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice physique, Ed. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 1998.

Bear Mark et al, Neurosciences, A la découverte du cerveau, Pradel, Paris, 1999.

Collet C, Mouvement et cerveau : Neurophysiologie des activités physiques et sportives, Ed. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 2002 Gazzaniga Ivry Mangon, Neurosciences cognitives ; La biologie de l’esprit, Ed. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 2001.

Latash Mark L., Bases neurophysiologiques du mouvement, Ed. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 2002.

Le Boulch J, Vers une science du mouvement humain, ESF, Paris, 1976.

Elementary concepts of physics and anatomy.

To analyze in an analytical and global way the static and dynamic mechanical systems in order to understand pathomecanic.

Analysis of the person standing up

Analysis of the sitting position

Analysis of the person walking on a normal and flat ground

Analysis of the major tremors

The postural adaptation

Biomecanics: vertebro-pelvic

ALLARD P., BLANCH J.P., Analyse du mouvement humain par la biomécanique, Décarie, Ville Mont-Royal, 1996.

BOUISSET S., Biomécanqiue et physiologie du mouvement, Ed. Masson, Paris, 2002.

HARRISON T.R., Principes de médecine interne, Ed. Flammarion, Paris, 1993.

KAHLE W., LEONHARDT H., PLATZER W., Anatomie, Ed. Flammarion, Paris, 1996.

Kapandji I.A., Physiologie articulaire, tome 1, 2 et 3, Ed. Maloine, Paris, 1996.

Pélissier J., BRUN V., La marche humaine et sa pathologie, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1994.

Viel E., La marche humaine, Ed. Masson, Paris, 2000.

Course of methodology and didactics in physical training, anatomy, analysis of movements and psychomotricity..

To develop the aptitudes to present didactic lessons of physical training and sports similar to situations met in professional sphere.

To make the students sensitive to utilisation of physical training within the context of reeducation and readaptation.

Commands, movings, animation, oral and manual corrections, organization and relationship with the patient.

Session of adapted sport targetting one population with different deficiencies (amputated limb(s),  bad vision or blindness, lesions of the spinal chord...

On the field: meetings (observation, participation, discussion) with persons playing different adapted sports ( basket-ball, torball...)

Didactic lesson (50%) and participation (50%)

1st year course, Physics and Mathematics

To be able to understand applications of electricity and waves in technics of physiotherapy. The different chapters are related these applications.

Electrostatics

Electrodynamics DC

Electromagnetism

Electrodynamics AC and some other kinds of electrical signals.

Electromagnetic and ultrasonic waves.

Interactions of waves with matter and with waves.

BOUYSSY A. et al. Physique pour les sciences de la vie, (Tome 1, 2, 3), Dia Université Belin, 1987, 1988.

BUSSIERES P. et BRUAL J., Agents physiques en réadaptation, Ed. De Boeck Université, 2001.

CAMERON J.R. et SKOFRONICK J.G. Medical Physics, WHILEY-Interscience, 1978.

DAMASK A.C. Medical Physics, Vol 1, Physiological physics, External probes, Acadmeic Press, 1978.

DUTREIX J. et al. Biophysique des radiations et imagerie médicale, Abrégés Masson, 1993.

HOLWILL M.E. et SYLVESTER N.R. Introduction to biological physics, John Wileys & sons, 1976 .

KANE J., STERNHEIM M., Physique, Ed. Masson, Intereditions, Paris, 1997.

MARION J.B. General physics with bioscience essays, John Wileys & Sons, 1979

Knowledge of the neurological anatomy

Knowledge of physiology and the neurophysiology of the movement

Knowledge of the fundamental techniques in physiotherapy and psychomotricity

To make a balance and a treatment program for each pathology concerned on the basis of theoretical aspects. To confront and discuss the various types of balances. To justify the choice of a specific treatment.

Synthesis of semiology, balance and making the treatment for:

· Paraplegia

· Hemiplegia

· Multiple sclerosis

· Parkinson's disease

· Spina Bifida

· Neuro-muscular diseases

The cerebral palsy

ALBERT A., Rééducation neuromusculaire de l’adulte hémiplégique, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1980.

DOROTHEA LINDE, ROSSUNG Dr VOLLER, Fascicule d’exercices pour le parkinsonien, Kassel, 1977.

HECAEN H., Les fonctions du cerveau, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1983.

LE METAYER M., Rééducation cérébro- motrice du jeune enfant. Education thérapeutique, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1993.

MUSSEN M., La rééducation fonctionnelle du paraplégique, Grande Librairie de la Faculté, Bruxelles, 1976.

La myopathie, Simep, 1995.

RIGAL R., La motricité humaine : fondements et applications pédagogiques, Ed. Vigot, Quebec, 1985.

Tardieu G., Les feuillets de l’infirmité motrice cérébrale, CDI, Paris, 1975.

Anatomy

Pathology 

Make the reeducation of a patient in a service of orthopedic; traumatology.

The amputees

Assessments and reeducation of inferiors and superiors limbs pathologies and back pathologies.

ABEILLON G., et al, Traumatologie et rééducation en médecine du sport : Précis d’orthopédie médicale, Arnette.

BAUMGARTNER R., OCHSNER P-E., Checklists de médecine – orthopédie, Vigot.

XHARDEZ Y.,Vade-mecum de kinésithérapie et rééducation fonctionnelle, Maloine.

Anatomy, Pathology, Biomechanics, Functional education and reeducation (bac1).

Take a care a patient with orthopedical of pathological pathology. Realise, with pratical exercices, a treatment and regarding his evolution.

Subacromial conflict shoulder.

Tennis elbouw and broken wrist.

Reeducation from hip prothesis immediate after the surgery.

The immediate post-surgery.

Tearing of the posterior tigh muscles. The different type strength from muscles.

Reeducation from plasty of anterior cruciate ligament from knee disease.

Reeducation from lateral ligament ankle sprain. Proprioceptif reeducation.

ABEILLON G, et al., Traumatologie et rééducation en médecine du sport : Précis d'orthopédie médicale, Ed. Arnette, 1992

DANOWSKI, CHANUSSOT, Traumatologie du sport, Masson, 2005

CALAIS-GERMAIN B., Anatomie par le mouvement, Désiris, 2005

Course of general and clinical psychology (1st year)

Enable a developmental approach of behaviour.

Relativize the concept of normality/pathology.

Make somebody aware of the importance of taking care of the person according to the level of psychological, intellectual and social development.

Identify the obstacles to the development of the personality and tackles the consequences on the development of the person

Use the data of psychology to understand the functioning of the individual in a group (the person in the group, the patient in a group of patients, the patient in the family)

Be able to manage one's presence as a therapist in a group (therapeutic team, a group of patients, the patient's family)

Definition of the personality.

Interaction between affective, intellectual, psychomotor behaviour in the construction of personality.

Various stages of the development of personality and its particular characteristics.

Problems during the development and possibilities of remedying the situation.

Contribution of social psychology and group dynamics in the understanding of the individual's behaviour

• place patients in different categories of groups.
• describe the psychological characteristics of the primary group and transfer to the group of patients, therapists.
• structures, organization of groups.

Individual behaviour, social behaviour.

• Collective – individual norms.
• Observation of the group : work in teams.
• Stereotypes: impact on the members of the group (therapists or patients).

Group therapies: some theoretical approachs.

 ANZIEU D. et MARTIN J. Y., La dynamique des groupes restreints, PUF, Paris, 1990.

BILHERAN A., Bullying, Ed Armand Colin, 2007.

Vigan D. , Les heures souterraines (roman).

J. GODEFROID, Psychologie. Une science humaine et  cognitive , Ed.De Boeck Université, Bruxelles, 2008.

S. Moscovici, Psychologie sociale, PUF-Quadriga, 2003.

STOETZEL J., La psychologie sociale, Ed Flammarion, France, 1978.

Tavris C.et Wade C., Introduction à la psychologie. Les grandes perspectives. ERPI, Inc., 2007. 

Discussions about lectures and analysis of cases.

nothing

to know about deontology of physiotherapy

1. Introduction of deontology

2. Who is a physiotherapist?

3. socile services in Belgium

4. The responsabitily of physiotherapist

5. Inspection and sanction by the medical inspection service

6. Rignt's patient

Gedda Michel, Décision kinésithérapeutique, Masson, Paris, 2001

Xhardes Y., Mémento du kinésithérapeute, éd. Kluwer, Bruxelles, 2001-2002

Sites internet:

- http//www.health.fgov.be/AGP

- http//www.health.fgvo.be/vesalius

- http//www.inami.fgov.be

Autres: - toutes publications concernant l'exercice professionnel publiées par l'inami

             - revues publiées par les associations de défenses des kinésithérapeutes

None.

To understand the legal bases for the application of the social security benefits and underlying the labour contract under Belgian law.

To learn how to implement such theoritical concepts in the professional life.

Social security of the worker.

Social security of the independent.

Labour contract. Act of July 3, 1978.

1st year course in Psychomotricity (theory and practical).

To give to the students a tool to test children in psychomotricity

To learn to students to adapt the treatment according to the difficulties met.

The psychomotor diagram of action

General information on tests

Major tests:

· Psychomotor profile (PICQ and VAYER)

· Elements of the psychomotor balance (BUCHER)

· The list of social development progress (P.A.C.)

· The scale of adaptive behavior

· Space tests (PIAGET)

Psycho-educational profile (E. Schopler)

Methodology of the psychomotricity

Considering the psychomotor disorders

• Mentally retarded
• Autism and other disorders obstructing development
• Training disorders
• Sensory disorders (visual)
• The hyperkinetic disorder or attention deficit, hyperactivity.

Construction of education and rehabilitation meetings

BALLA-PIAZZA S., DAN B., Handicap et Déficience chez l’enfant, Ed. De Boek, Bruxelles, 2001.

DUMAS J-E., Psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, Ed. De Boeck Université, 2002.

BUCHER H., Troubles psychomoteurs chez l’enfant : pratique de la rééducation psychomotrice, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1972.

BUNZBURGH C., Echelle de comportement adaptatif, inventaire des progrès du développement social, Adaptation en Langue Française, par MAGEROTTE G., Faculté de Psychologie et Sciences, Louvain, 1972.

DEBIENNE M., Le dessin chez l’enfant, PUF, Paris

LAURENDEAU M., PINARD, Les premières notions spatiales de l’enfant, Ed. Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchatel, 1969.

PIAGET J., INHELDER, La représentation de l’espace chez l’enfant, PUF, Paris,

PICQ J., VAYER P., Education psychomotrice et arriération mentale, Ed. Doin

Lectures and practical exercices. Tutorials.

1st year courses Massotherapy, Pathology, Anatomy

To acquire a know-how in different the basic techniques from the massage.

To acquire specific manoeuvres of massage and taping 

To can adapt them to various pathologies

Revised techniques taught in first year.

Pathologies related massages. 

Patient's examination  for the massage.

Major transverse massage of Cyriax.

Circulatory massage of the legs.

Massage of the face.

Abdominal massage.

Massage of  scars

Clay J.H., Massothérapie clinique, Maloine, 2003.

Dufour M., Massages et massothérapie. Effets techniques et applications. Maloine, 2006.

Storck U., Technique du Massage, Maloine, 2007.

Lectures and practical exercises

30% active participation + 70% exam

1st year course of General pathology and of General physiology

To look further into the knowledge of major pathologies met by the kinesitherapist. To develop traumatic and micro-traumatic pathology of large joints.

Pathology : rheumatology, neurology, tumoral, traumatic and microtraumatic pathology

None

First Aid :

The student will be able to :

• Apply CPR ( cardio pulmonary resuscitation) movements in different emergencies situations.

Handling :

 - To increase the students' awareness of various handling issues

- To spark off reflexion about a logical handling when a patient has to be mobilizated

- To get a proper body language in order to be reassuring and professional towards the patients and in order to become self-confident

- To combine handling with cares

- To choose a preventive behaviour in order to deal carefully with her/his back

First Aid :

Theorical approach :

• Emergency care
• Immediate strategies ( CPR)
• Evaluation of responsiveness
• Transfering a person on a stretcher
• Adequate positions for the patient
• Vital functions problems and evaluation
• Wound, traumas, burning wounds.
• Animal biting and picking
• Locomotor system traumas
• Bandaging
• Rachis trauma
• Face trauma
• Polytraumas
• Haemorreage
• Poisonning

Practical approach :

• Responsiveness
• Consiusness evaluation
• Breath function evaluation
• Blood-flow evaluation
• Syncope
• Coma

Handling :

 The handling classes are based on the students' willingness to combine theory with practical experience.

 The training is made up of:

 - Basic theory knowledge about the following subjects: anatomical and biomechanical knowledge, notions about the vertebral risks, aims and basic knowledge of a good handling.

 -  Practical exercises (individually or in groups) whose aims are:

- to be able to learn properly, to evaluate et to evaluate oneself

- to analyse spontaneous and independent moves

- to inculcate a specific manual handling to treat the patients

- to try to repeat and reproduce the handling techniques taught during the classes (reversal, raising, lowering, straightening up, transfer, picking up).

- to compare what was observed during the real handling experiences and, perhaps, to change the notions learnt until then

The exercises done during the classes (method Paul Dotte) could be found as schemes in the reference book. The students will get an exhaustive list of the things they must know.

 -  Reflexive exercises: the students need to stand back to judge their own work as far as their clinical cares and their training courses are concerned. Thanks to the process of self-criticism links between theory and practical exercises could be established and the students are thus able to improve their own handling.

Premiers soins

ASKENASI R., EVEN-ADIN D., Manuel de médecine d’urgence de l’adulte, Ed. Maloine, Bruxelles, Paris; 1981.

ASKENASI R, ROMMES M., Manuel de l’infirmier(e) d’urgence, Ed. Maloine, Bruxelles, 1990.

CHEVALIER J., et all, Le livre des premiers secours, Gamma, 1972.

DE TEMMERMAN P.E.H., et al, Aide Médicale Urgente : soins ambulanciers, Standard, Anvers, 1987.

GOULON M., Les urgences, Ed. Maloine, Paris, 1984.

KIEGEL P., et al, Les gestes de pratique médicale d’urgence, Ed. Flammarion, Paris, 1986.

LARCAN A et al , Urgences médicales, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1982.

RENAILLON A. et LABAYE D., Le livre de l’interne les urgences, Ed. Flammarion, Paris, 1988.

Handling:

DOTTE P., Méthode de manutention manuelle des malades, 7^ème  édition, Maloine, Paris, 2007.

Lectures (10h) and tutorials (10h).

Handling :  

Theory courses and practical training (to observe and to use the spontaneous movement, to learn the specific gesture to adopt and to learn from clinical cases)

Oral and practical examinations

 Handling:

The certificative and formative appraisal is based on the student's ability to think about his/her future handling.

Each student will be asked to reproduce handling exercises, receiving specific orders and instructions.

The certificative consists of the following appraisal : 1/5 written exam and 4/5 oral exam and practical exercises.

Course of Physiology and Functional Rehabilitation

To be aware of deteriorations of the various systems due to ageing. To consider the movement as responsible of prevention of the disorders related to the senescence

To establish a balance and to conceive the adapted treatment.

The ageing of the population

Locomotor system and senescence

Balance and conception of physical activities in geriatrics:

· Clinical observation, physiotherapy diagnosis

Rehabilitation to maintain autonomy.

BOUCHET J-Y., et al, Rééducation en gériatrie, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1995.

INSTITUT DE FORMATION CONTINUE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ SCIENTIFIQUE DE MÉDECINE GÉNÉRALE, Traité de Gériatrie, 1988.

THEVENON A., et POLLEZ B., Rééducation gériatrique, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1993.

E.M.C., Rééducation en gériatrie, 2000.

Human respiratory biometry.

The students must be abble to give a diagnosis and apply teatments in respiratories diseases.

Theory, diagnosis et treatment in respiratory diseases of babies, children and adults.

ANTONELLO M.,DELPLANQUE D. Comprendre la kinésithérapie respiratoire, du diagnostic au projet thérapeutique, Masson, Paris, 2004.

DAKIN J., KOURTELI E., WINTER R., maîtriser les épreuves fonctionnelles respiratoires, de la théorie à la pratique,  Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2007

POSTIAUX G., Kinésithérapie respiratoire de l'enfant, les techniques de soin guidées par l'auscultation pulmonaire, De Boeck Université, Bruxelles, 2003.

PRUDHOMME C., Mémento, pneumologie,  Maloine, Paris, 2008

REYCHLER G., ROESELER J., DELGUSTE P., Kinésithérapie respiratoire, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2007.

Course of Physical and physiology of 1 year

To be able to analyse different techniques of electrophysiothérapy with their méthods of sunctioning and application, their indications and contra-indications.

- "Agents physiques en réadaptation", Bussières P.et Brual J., Ed. DeBoeck Université, 2001.

- "Electrophysithérapie et rééducation fonctionnelle", F. Crepon, Ed. Frison Roche, 1994.

- "Electrostimulation des nerfs et des muscles", Pelissier J. et Roques C.F., Ed Masson, 1992.

Methodology of exercices and physiology from 1 ier bac kine

Basic knowledge of the determiners of the physical capacity

Aspects practises methods and evaluation of muscular exercice

Energetics of the muscular exercise: power and capacity

Determiners of the flexibility

Notion of muscular strength and training in body-building

Practical trainings and tests

- Manuel de l'entrainement: Jurgen Weineck Ed Vigot

- La preparation physique : D. Le Gallet- Gregoire Millet Ed Masson Staps collection

- Entrainement de la force : CH Thépart-Mathieu-Ch. Miller- J. Quièvre Ed Les cahier de l'INSEP

 N°21 1997

-

Some basic knowledge in English

To teach the students the vocabulary and structures used in physical therapy texts so that they will be able to understand them.

Some basic grammar points and vocabulary terms that could be necessary to understand a technical text will be studied.

The Human Body Book, various specialised internet websites.

Reading and exercises.

30% active participation + 70% exam

Deontology lessons and comprehenive view of first year lessons

Consulting the multiplicity disciplinary members with the intention to collect pertinents and fundamentals ideas on the present or potentiel patient’s problems.

To establish the identity among the fundamentals ideas, the one required to take over a patient to consult his medical bed-rest, his nurse bed-rest and/or another specific document.

To go with and to observer the nurse attend to the patients.

To apply, at the time of patient’s mobilisations, manutentions rules.

To apply the rescue’s relation bred in the psychology’s lessons.

To respect the professional’s secret.

At the end of the 2^nd year, the student will have to devote to a minimum of 60 hours on a complete of 1125 hours minimum

All documents required for psychology adcance, manutention and deontology

Observations and cases discussions.

Continuous assessment and written examinations

None

• The study of the different cardiovascular parameters, the different ways to evaluate them, the knowledge of the factors which influence them
• To help the student to "understand" the electrocardiogram.
• To learn the different ways to evaluate the physical aptitudes and capacities.
• To materialize the sport evaluation through the football
• To learn some ways to evaluate deficiency, incapability and handicap

• Cardio-vascular measurements and "understand " the electtrocardiogram
• Notion of  overtraining
• Classifications in adapted sport
• Evaluation: deficiency, incapability, handicap
• Sport evaluation: the example of football

BETHOUX F., CALMELS P., Guide des outils de mesure et d'évaluation en médecine physique et de réadaptation, Frison-Roche, Paris 2003.

COLE B., FINCH E., GOWLAND C., MAYO N., Instruments de mesure des résultats en réadaptation physique, Canada.

GEDDA M., Décision kinésithérapique, Masson, Paris 2001.

HARICLAURE P., MEDELI S., Tests d' aptitude et tests d'effort, Chiron , Paris 2002.

VANDERVAEL F., Biométrie humaine, Desoer, Liège 1980.

VIBERT J-F, SEBILLE A., LAVALLARD-ROUSSEAU M-C, BOUREAU F., Neurophysiologie De la physiologie à l'exploration fonctionnelle, Paris 2005.

WILMORE J., COSTILL D., Physiologie du sport et de l'exercice, De Boeck Université, Bruxelles, 2006

Biomechanics, anatomy, Education and functional reeducation, Education and functional reeducation and applications , pathology

To correctly carry out the various learned tests.

To be able to make a differential diagnosis

Examination of ankle and foot.

Examination of knee.

Examination of the hip.

Examination of the shoulder.

Examination of the elbow.

Examination of the wrist and the hand.

BUCKUP K., Examen clinique de l'appareil locomoteur, Maloine Paris, 2003.

DANOWSKI, CHANUSSOT, Traumatologie du sport, Masson, Paris, 2003

DE WOLF A.N.,L'appareil locomoteur-examen et diagnostic cliniques, Doin, Paris, 1997.

HEIMANN D., Guide de thérapie manuelle, Maloine, Paris, 2003

HERTEL R., BALLMER FT, LOMBERT SM et al, Lag signs in the diagnosis of rotator cuff rupture, J. Schoulder Elboow Surg 5: 307-313, 1996

HOPPENFELD S., Examen clinique des membres et du rachis, Masson, Paris, 2004

Mc RAY R., Examen clinique en orthopédie, Maloine, Paris, 2002

SILLIMAN J.F., HAWKINS RJ, Classification and physical diagnosis of instability of the shoulder. Clin. Orthop. 201: 7-19, 1993

TROISIER O., Diagnostic clinique en pathologie ostéo-articulaire, Masson, Paris, 1991

VIEL E., Le diagnostic kinésithérapique, Masson, Paris, 1998.