HEPL

None

To have a reflexion on deeds in the name of moral values in the professional frame.

To take part of discussions about several society subjects

Stakes and current debates on ethics

· Ethics : morale ; moral values ; types of values ; the morale of reason ; the morale and the justice.

Deontology

· Definition

· History

· Medical and paramedical deontology code

Group works: GMO, clonage, animal experimentation, gene therapy, IVF

Cours de déontologie de médecine, ULg

Cours de déontologie de la section I.G., Haute Ecole André Vésale

LELEU Y.H. et GENICOT G., Le droit médical, Ed. De Boeck Université.

Les mots de la bioéthique, un vocabulaire encyclopédique, De Boeck Université

METAYER M., La philosophie éthique, Edition Du Renouveau Pédagogique Québec

To be able to draft an experimental report ; know the different directions for subunit results ( tables, figures…). Minimal knowledge of technical English.

To bring a scientific research at practical and theoretical levels ; to write resulting report.

Research and maintenance of information :

• Scientific documentation ( primary and secondary data sources);
• Access to information;
• Strategy of bibliographic research;
• Principles as regards bibliographic references.

Planning of experimental work

Drafting written report:

• Main chapters and their contents;
• Presentation and analysis of results.

COUTURE M., FOURNIER R. P., La recherche en Science. Guide pratique pour les chercheurs, Ed. De Boeck Université, 1999.

SALMI R., Lecture critique et rédaction médicale scientifique, Ed. Elsevier, 2ème éd., Paris, 2003

exercises.

Good integration of the theoretical and practical notions as regards fundamental and biomedical matters.

Good practical know-how : work methodically, quickly and exactly.

To allow students to become integrated into a routine or research laboratory team.

To approach professional ground in a participative way and so, to facilitate the learning of new and improved technologies.

With regard to field problems, to develop the initiative and critical mind necessary to the analytical verification and experimental results interpretation.

Half training courses are organized in a routine laboratory of medical analysises and include equally bacteriology, medical chemistry, hematology.

Half training courses include the end-of-studies work.

Practical activities – research on the field

Continuous assessment and reports

Course of research methodology.

Practical know-how.

To provide students with the opportunity to deepen a selected topic in and outside laboratory.

An important feature of the third year studies is a laboratory based project lasting 300 hours.

The students choose a subject suggested by the person responsible for the university, clinical or industry laboratories, preferably of research.

This project involves a literature research, a laboratory investigation and a written report.

Practical activities – research on the field

Presentation of a written and an oral work.

General chemistry and analytical chemistry.

Lead the student to be aware of and control multiple constraints related to the work in laboratories particularly those involved in chemical analysis performed on environmental matrices. The students will be informed and educated in the field of modern analytical technologies and in the regulations regarding Quality Assurance programs ( both on organisational and operational levels). The training should also include the regulations and laws applied to the laboratories and a training to the most crucial safety and security rules ( particularly on the chemical risk prevention, assessment and management through some basic knowledges in toxicology).

Introduction ; definitions ; legislations ; course targets and environmental chemistry targets ; laboratories organization ; accreditation and agreement rules ; Quality system ; organisational and operational procedures as well as validation process ; audits and interlaboratories tests.

Measurement techniques ( ICPMS – LCMSMS – GCMS -FOURIER IR – ELISA – AA ...)

Preparation, sampling procedures and some problems from interferences.

Some risks associated with usual laboratories practices, reagents and environmental samples analysed, toxicological approach ( TLV, biological index...), analyses of work atmospheres.

Environmental chemistry as a tool in wastes and pollutants treatment industries.

Practical approach – Laboratories and Industries.

CHAPMAN J.R., A guide for Organic Mass Spectrometry, 1997.

FEINBERG M., L’assurance Qualité dans les laboratoires agroalimentaires et pharmaceutiques, 1999.

LAUWERYS R., Toxicologie industrielle et intoxications professionnelles.

QUEVAUVILLER P., Métrologie en Chimie de l’Environnement, 2001.

QUEVAUVILLER P., Matériaux de référence pour l’Environnement, 2002.

VANDECASTEELE C. et BLOCK C.B., Modern Methods for Trace element Detremination, 1993.

Norme d’Accréditation ISO-17025.

Visits

Written or oral examinations

Courses (including laboratories) of chemistry, biochemistry and physics ( 1st and 2nd year).

To familiarize the students with the use of automatons in medical chemistry and hematology.

To prepare students at stages in laboratory

Principle and use of principal automatic apparatus in medical chemistry and hematology.

Systems of Quality Control in medical laboratories.

Audit and certification

Good practising in laboratory

Visit of laboratories

Elementary knowledge of epidemiological statistics. Anatomy and physiology of main functions. Notions in pathologic physiology related to main systems. Analytical principles connected with different types of assays.

To have a critical approach the results of the analyses. To know to analyze causes of a process out control. To be able to denounce drifts of analytical quality involving rejection of biological results. To prove of logic and initiative.

Theory interpretation of biological data at analytic, semiological and pathologic-physiological levels and about normal values.

Glucide metabolism: pathogenesis and complications near diabetic end; biological exploration and therapeutic balance tests; assays.

Lipid metabolism: serum lipidic compounds; normal metabolism; pathologic states; apoproteins; exploration tests.

Protein metabolism: serum protein properties; physico-chemical and biological properties of main specific plasmatic proteins.

Calcium and phosphorus function exploration: hormonal regulations; pathologic states; assays.

Enzymatic functional exploration: effects of physico-chemicals parameters on enzymatic reaction; serum enzyme semiology; isoenzymes; asays.

Renal function tests: homeostatic principles, investigation methods.

Thyroid exploration: biochemistry and mode of action of thyroid hormones; assays.

Liver function tests: pathologic states including viral hepatitis; tests.

Cellular receptors: classification; internalization; pathologic states.

Tumors markers: classification; semiology.

Acid-basis equilibrium and blood gazes

Clinical biology laboratories accreditation.

BOREL J.P., Biochimie dynamique, Ed. Maloine, 1987

MARTIN D.W., Précis de Biochimie de Harper, Presses de l'Université Laval, Editions ESKA, 1985

RAWN J.D., Ed., Traité de Biochimie, De Boeck-Wesmael, 1990

WEINMAN S., La Biochimie de Lubert-Stryer, 3e Ed., Flammarion Médecine Sciences, 1992

Good knowledge of the courses of general microbiology of the 2nd year.

To know the infections pathology, the germs of the infectious diseases and the diagnostic tests.

Indications about the taking of blood for the hemoculture, septicemias intra- or out hospital.

Respiratory, urinary and gynecological infections

Diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases

Meningitis

Diagnossis of diarrhoea

Food poisoning

Anaerobic bacteria

Hepatitis

Mononucleosis syndrome

Blood and tissular parasites

Faecal parasites

HIV 

Manual of clinical microbiology

To protect the staff of laboratory in front of infectious organisms.To prevent the dissemination of biological agents.To respect the rules of safety.

Introduction:review of definitions. Infectious organisms. Infections acquired in laboratories. Structures affected and exposed staff. Origins and causes of infections. Intercourses of infections: oral, cutaneous, conjunctival, percutaneous, airborn; aerosols and penetration in the respiratory system. Evaluation of biological risks in laboratories.

Classes of pathogen's risk and security sheets.

Specific risks related to use of cell cultures. Specific risks related to OGM; potentialisation of risk outcomed from the nature of insert.

Actions of prevention. Equipment of individual protection and equipments of security. Good practice of work. Management of waste.

Levels of confinement (L1 to L4). The work with the animals and the animal houses.

Physical and chemical inactivation of biological agents.

The transport of biological agents.

Legislations regarding biosecurity: execution and monitoring

General notions of analytical chemistry and physics.

To understand the importance of therapeutic control and why it is essential to select the good analytical procedure or to know the limits of used methods.

To know the methods more utilized in the laboratories, their advantages and their disadvantages.

To know the principal solvents used in professional or household surrounding. To understand their toxicity and to identify the signs of that toxicity.

To understand the determinations of solvents and their metabolites assays.

Generalities on therapeutic control : definition and useful purpose ; medicine drugs accessible to therapeutic monitoring ; when take a sample ?

Interpretation of therapeutic control result: calculus of pharmacokinetic control result: calculus of pharmacokinetic parameters; adjustement of daily posologies on basis therapeutic control; problem with free forms of medicine drugs.

Assays of medicine drugs :

· Immunological techniques (ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, RIA…)

· Choice of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies

· Dose-response relationship

· Standard separating techniques (GC, LC and different detectors)

· Methods based on emission and/or absorption

· New separating techniques (ICP, RMN, TOF...)

· Advantages and disadvantages of separating and immunological techniques.

Analytic validation

Medicine drugs no accessible to therapeutic control : indirect control.

Solvents toxicity : poisons penetration in the organism ; physico-chemical properties of solvents ; toxicity signs and symbols ; organic solvents .

Methods : blood assays of solvents and urinary assays of metabolites.

ROSSET R., CAUDE M. et JARDY A., Manuel pratique de chromatographie en phase liquide, 2e Ed.; Masson, Paris; 1982

CONSTANTIN E., Spectrométrie de masse : principes et applications, 2e Ed., Edition TEC et DOC, Paris, 1996

GERHARDS P., BONS U., SAWASAKI J. et al., GC/MS in Clinical Chemistry, Edition Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999

KINTZ P., éditeur, Toxicologie et Pharmacologie Médico-légale, Edition Elsevier, 2001.

Elementary knowledge of epidemiological statistics. Anatomy and physiology of main functions. Notions in pathologic physiology related to main systems. Analytical principles connected with different types of assays.

To have a critical approach the results of the analyses. To know to analyze causes of a process out control. To be able to denounce drifts of analytical quality involving rejection of biological results. To prove of logic and initiative.

Theory interpretation of biological data at analytic, semiological and pathologic-physiological levels and about normal values.

Glucide metabolism: pathogenesis and complications near diabetic end; biological exploration and therapeutic balance tests; assays.

Lipid metabolism: serum lipidic compounds; normal metabolism; pathologic states; apoproteins; exploration tests.

Protein metabolism: serum protein properties; physico-chemical and biological properties of main specific plasmatic proteins.

Calcium and phosphorus function exploration: hormonal regulations; pathologic states; assays.

Enzymatic functional exploration: effects of physico-chemicals parameters on enzymatic reaction; serum enzyme semiology; isoenzymes; asays.

Renal function tests: homeostatic principles, investigation methods.

Thyroid exploration: biochemistry and mode of action of thyroid hormones; assays.

Liver function tests: pathologic states including viral hepatitis; tests.

Cellular receptors: classification; internalization; pathologic states.

Tumors markers: classification; semiology.

Acid-basis equilibrium and blood gazes

Clinical biology laboratories accreditation.

BOREL J.P., Biochimie dynamique, Ed. Maloine, 1987

MARTIN D.W., Précis de Biochimie de Harper, Presses de l'Université Laval, Editions ESKA, 1985

RAWN J.D., Ed., Traité de Biochimie, De Boeck-Wesmael, 1990

WEINMAN S., La Biochimie de Lubert-Stryer, 3e Ed., Flammarion Médecine Sciences, 1992

Theoretical and practical courses of biochemistry ( 2nd year)

Practical cours of medical chemistry (2nd year)

To put theoretical knowledge into practice and to understand prescribed analysis and to apply procedures.

To assess results as a whole for guide diagnosis.

Assay of blood different substances

Enzymatic assays.

Electrophoresis of biological substances, immunofixation

Technique ELISA

BERNARD S., Instruments et techniques de laboratoire en biochimie clinique, Maloine, 1989.

CHARLIER C., Cours théorique de chimie médicale, 3TLM

GAVRILOVIC and al, Manipulations d'analyse biochimique, doin, 1996

Basic notions of hematology courses of year 2

To have a good command of basic techniques in hematologic exploration

To be able to do and to understand immunohematologic techniques

Recognize all normal blood cells and numerate precisely

Recognize all young blood cells and be able to name it

Study of a complete blood

Study of blood groups

· Test at the birth

· Compatibility test

· Cytologic approach of smears

· Normal bloods and different cellular lineages

The « traps « of normal bloods and some pictures of pathologic bloods.

BESSIS M., Réinterprétation des frottis sanguins, Masson

HEILNEYER L. et BEGEMANN H., Atlas of clinical hematology, Springer Verlag

Cours d’hématologie, Haute Ecole André Vésale, 2e GBM

Tutorials (24 h). Lectures (6 h).

Courses of biochemistry, bacteriology and parasitology ( theory and practice) of 2^nd year.

To apply theoretical knowledge to understand to interpret ordered analysis ( uniray infections ).To apply critically practical methods. To evaluate the results in their whole to orientate the medical diagnosis. To interpret antibiograms. To organize and plan a laboratory work.

Review of basic techniques : culture media, sterile device, coloring, isolations, seedings.

Identification of microorganisms (with Api 20E, Api 20 NE, Api Staph, Api Strep, Api 20 C AUX and Enterotubes)

Analysis of urinary samples

Antibiograms of urinary germs (Kirby-Bauer's method and ATB technique)

BERCHE P. et al., Bactériologie, Flammarion Médecine-Sciences, 1988.

AVRIL J.L., Bactériologie clinique, Ellipses, 1992.

Presscott et al, Microbiologie, Ed. de Boeck, 2003 

Rapport de laboratoire

Use of the microscope

Aseptic rules

Use ot the phase-contrast microscope

How to prepare culture medias

Maintenance of cultures

Subcultures

Cell counting

Cell morphology and biology, aseptic rules.

To learn the specific vocabulary of the disciplin. To know the usual techniques for the routine work in a cell culture laboratory. Appreciation of the advantages and dissadvantages of each technique.

The laboratory equipment.

Aseptic techniques

Preparations and sterilization.

Contaminations of the cultures

Protection - biohazard

Culture conditions (media, pH, ...)

Basic techniques

FRESHNEY Ed., Culture of animal cells : a manual of basic technique, Liss, New York, 2005

FRESHNEY Ed., Animal cell culture : a pratical approach, IRL press, Oxford, 1989

ADOLPHE M. et BARLOVARZ-MEINON G., Culture de cellules animales : méthodologies, applications, INSERM, 1999.